diff --git a/app/Models/CashRecord.php b/app/Models/CashRecord.php
index ea1bceb..d1bdf8b 100644
--- a/app/Models/CashRecord.php
+++ b/app/Models/CashRecord.php
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ namespace App\Models;
 
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
 use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
-use App\Models\Activity;
 
 class CashRecord extends Model
 {
diff --git a/app/Models/Vote.php b/app/Models/Vote.php
index 0a255a3..507ba6c 100644
--- a/app/Models/Vote.php
+++ b/app/Models/Vote.php
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ class Vote extends Model
 {
     protected $fillable = [
         'title', 'description', 'type',
-        'related_id', 'status', 'deadline', 'created_by',
+        'related_id', 'related_type', 'status', 'deadline', 'created_by',
     ];
 
     protected $casts = [
diff --git a/app/Observers/ActivityObserver.php b/app/Observers/ActivityObserver.php
index cc9ee93..67952dc 100644
--- a/app/Observers/ActivityObserver.php
+++ b/app/Observers/ActivityObserver.php
@@ -47,23 +47,29 @@ class ActivityObserver
 
                 // Threshold budget
                 $budget = $activity->budget;
-                if ($budget >= 500_000 && $budget <= 2_000_000) {
-                    Approval::create([
-                        'model_type'         => Activity::class,
-                        'model_id'           => $activity->id,
-                        'required_approvals' => 1,
-                        'status'             => 'pending',
-                    ]);
-                } elseif ($budget > 2_000_000) {
-                    Vote::create([
-                        'title'       => "Persetujuan Budget Kegiatan: {$activity->title}",
-                        'description' => "Budget kegiatan senilai Rp " . number_format($budget, 0, ',', '.') . " memerlukan persetujuan voting.",
-                        'type'        => 'finance',
-                        'related_id'  => $activity->id,
-                        'status'      => 'open',
-                        'deadline'    => now()->addDays(3),
-                        'created_by'  => Auth::id() ?? $activity->created_by,
-                    ]);
+                if ($budget !== null && $budget >= 500_000 && $budget <= 2_000_000) {
+                    Approval::firstOrCreate(
+                        ['model_type' => Activity::class, 'model_id' => $activity->id],
+                        ['required_approvals' => 1, 'status' => 'pending']
+                    );
+                } elseif ($budget !== null && $budget > 2_000_000) {
+                    $exists = Vote::where('related_type', Activity::class)
+                        ->where('related_id', $activity->id)
+                        ->where('type', 'finance')
+                        ->exists();
+
+                    if (! $exists) {
+                        Vote::create([
+                            'title'        => "Persetujuan Budget Kegiatan: {$activity->title}",
+                            'description'  => "Budget kegiatan senilai Rp " . number_format($budget, 0, ',', '.') . " memerlukan persetujuan voting.",
+                            'type'         => 'finance',
+                            'related_id'   => $activity->id,
+                            'related_type' => Activity::class,
+                            'status'       => 'open',
+                            'deadline'     => now()->addDays(3),
+                            'created_by'   => Auth::id() ?? $activity->created_by,
+                        ]);
+                    }
                 }
             }
 
diff --git a/app/Observers/CashRecordObserver.php b/app/Observers/CashRecordObserver.php
index 0302af8..09427ac 100644
--- a/app/Observers/CashRecordObserver.php
+++ b/app/Observers/CashRecordObserver.php
@@ -41,13 +41,14 @@ class CashRecordObserver
         // Threshold: > 2jt → buat voting + notif semua anggota
         if ($record->amount > 2_000_000) {
             Vote::create([
-                'title'      => "Persetujuan Transaksi: {$record->description}",
-                'description' => "Transaksi senilai Rp " . number_format($record->amount, 0, ',', '.') . " memerlukan persetujuan voting.",
-                'type'       => 'finance',
-                'related_id' => $record->id,
-                'status'     => 'open',
-                'deadline'   => now()->addDays(3),
-                'created_by' => Auth::id() ?? $record->created_by,
+                'title'        => "Persetujuan Transaksi: {$record->description}",
+                'description'  => "Transaksi senilai Rp " . number_format($record->amount, 0, ',', '.') . " memerlukan persetujuan voting.",
+                'type'         => 'finance',
+                'related_id'   => $record->id,
+                'related_type' => CashRecord::class,
+                'status'       => 'open',
+                'deadline'     => now()->addDays(3),
+                'created_by'   => Auth::id() ?? $record->created_by,
             ]);
 
             NotificationService::toRole('ketua',
diff --git a/database/migrations/2026_04_05_162107_add_related_type_to_votes_table.php b/database/migrations/2026_04_05_162107_add_related_type_to_votes_table.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a842ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/database/migrations/2026_04_05_162107_add_related_type_to_votes_table.php
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<?php
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;
+use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
+
+return new class extends Migration
+{
+    public function up(): void
+    {
+        Schema::table('votes', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->string('related_type')->nullable()->after('related_id');
+        });
+    }
+
+    public function down(): void
+    {
+        Schema::table('votes', function (Blueprint $table) {
+            $table->dropColumn('related_type');
+        });
+    }
+};